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William Brian Arthur (born 21 July 1946) is an economist credited with influencing and describing the modern theory of increasing returns.〔(Foreword by Nobel Economist Kenneth Arrow to Arthur's book ''Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy'' )〕 He has lived and worked in Northern California for many years. He is an authority on economics in relation to complexity theory, technology and financial markets. Presently, he is on the external faculty at the Santa Fe Institute, and a Visiting Researcher at the Intelligent Systems Lab〔(Intelligent Systems Lab )〕 at PARC. He is credited with the invention of the El Farol Bar problem. == Biography == W. Brian Arthur was born in 1946 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He received his BSc in Electrical Engineering at Queens University Belfast (1966), a M. A. in Operational Research (1967), at Lancaster University, Lancaster, England, and an M. A. in Mathematics at the University of Michigan (1969). Arthur received his PhD in Operations Research (1973) and an M. A. in Economics (1973) from the University of California, Berkeley. At age 37, Dr. Arthur was the youngest endowed chair holder at Stanford University .〔''Complexity'', M. Mitchell Wardrop〕 Arthur is the former Morrison Professor of Economics and Population Studies; Professor of Human Biology, Stanford University, 1983–1996. He is the co-founder of the Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies〔(Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies )〕 at Stanford. Arthur is one of the distinguished External Research Faculty〔(External Research Faculty )〕 members at the Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. Arthur's long association with the Institute started in 1987 with the introduction and support of Stanford economist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, Kenneth Arrow, and Philip Warren Anderson, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Arthur was named as the first director of the interdisciplinary Economics Program at the Institute beginning in 1988. He was named the Citibank Professor at the Institute in 1994, with the endowment of Citibank and then-Citibank CEO John S. Reed. He served several terms on the Science Board〔(Science Board ),〕 1988–2006, and Board of Trustees,〔(Board of Trustees )〕 1994–2004, during his association with the Institute. Arthur was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1987.〔John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, (W. Brian Arthur )〕 Arthur was also awarded the Schumpeter Prize in 1990.〔International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society, (Schumpeter Prize in Economics )〕 He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Economic Sciences degree from the National University of Ireland (2000). He was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Science Degree (Honoris Causa) from Lancaster University on 9 December 2009 He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, World Economic Forum, and PricewaterhouseCoopers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「W. Brian Arthur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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